Suchergebnisse

A growing body of literature confirms the existence of different social models, identified according to different combinations of policies and institutions. Knogler and Lankes aim to contribute to this literature by exploring characteristics of social policies in the enlarged European Union. The analysis is based on a set of social policy indicators with a focus on labour markets. By means of Principal Component Analysis they identify four major dimensions of social models. The dimensions are used as a basis for clustering countries into social models, which significantly differ from the commonly proposed regional classification of social models prior to enlargement.

Labour market performance as measured by employment rates conceals significant differences among EU countries. In 2014 the variation was between 48.8% in Greece and 74.4% in Sweden. Average employment rate for the EU28 was at 64.8% in 2014, perceptibly below the Lisbon goal of 70 percent. Inequality in income distribution as measured by S80/S20 income quintile share ratio ranges in 2013 from 3.4 in Czech Republic to 6.6 in Bulgaria, Romania and Greece and has risen especially in Southeast European countries during the last years. To some extent, labour market and social institutions may account for these differences. Implemented social models in Europe differ from each other by different combinations of policies and institutions showing the dimensions of social models. We use these dimensions to develop two indices which capture the employment and income distribution efficiency of social models i.e. shows how institutions impact on employment and income distribution. Both indices can be used to rank and compare the institutional quality of social models across EU countries.

"Social cohesion, reducing poverty, and broad participation in the labor market are essential elements of the European social models. With the EU membership of the Central and Eastern European reform states (EU 10) a new landscape of European social models has emerged in which the EU 10 are integrated according to their respective paths of national development. Following its successful referendum, Croatia has become the 28th member of the European Union on July 1, 2013. This paper examines the Croatian social model with reference to four dimensions: labor market security, social inequality, institutional influence on the labor market and wage formation, and personal responsibility. It also describes the model's position within the landscape of European social models. The Croatian social model is characterized by low level of labor market security and by limited institutional influence on labor markets and wage formation." (author's abstract)

Labour market performance as measured by employment rates and inequality of income distribution show significant differences among EU countries. In 2014 the variation in employment rates was between 48.8% in Greece and 74.4% in Sweden. Inequality in income distribution as measured by S80/S20 income quintile share ratio ranges in 2013 from 3.4 in Czech Republic to 6.6 in Bulgaria, Romania and Greece and has risen especially in Southeast European countries during the last years. To some extent, labour market and social institutions may account for these differences. Implemented social models in Europe differ from each other by different combinations of policies and institutions showing the dimensions of social models. We use these dimensions to develop two indices which capture the employment and income distribution efficiency of social models i.e. shows how institutions impact on employment and income distribution. Both indices can be used to rank and compare the institutional quality of social models across EU countries.

Am 1. Mai 2004 traten zehn weitere Länder der Europäischen Union bei. Dieses Jahr folgten Bulgarien und Rumänien. Mit 27 Nationen ist nunmehr der weltweit größte Staatenbund und Wirtschaftsraum mit mehr als 500 Mill. Menschen entstanden. Drei Jahre nach der Osterweiterung ist es an der Zeit, eine erste Bilanz zu ziehen. Wurden die Erwartungen erfüllt? Vor welchen politischen und wirtschaftlichen Problemen stehen die neuen Mitgliedsländer? Welche Wirkungen hatte die Erweiterung auf die EU? Zu diesen Fragen fand vom 15. bis 17. Juni 2007 in der Akademie für Politische Bildung Tutzing in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Osteuropa-Institut, München, unter der Leitung von Wolfgang Quaisser eine Tagung statt. Wilhelm Kohler, Universität Tübingen, stellte fest, dass die Frage nach dem Nutzen der EU-Osterweiterung für die alten Mitglieder weder aus Sicht der Wachstumstheorie noch aus Sicht der Empirie eindeutig zu beantworten sei. Er wolle zwar nicht das Gespenst einer "Wachstumsbremse Osterweiterung" an die Wand malen, aber nach dem Motto "Handel ist gut für das Wachstum" in umgekehrter Richtung zu erwarten, dass von der Osterweiterung wesentliche langfristige Wachstumsimpulse für die bestehenden Mitgliedsländer ausgehen werden, sei bei nüchterner Betrachtung doch etwas naiv. Schließlich dürfe man nicht vergessen, dass der weitaus größere Teil der Wachstumsgrundlagen in der Hand der nationalen Regierungen liege. Der durch diese oder andere Erweiterungen der EU bewirkte marginale Effekt werde - zumindest langfristig betrachtet - wohl nur von untergeordneter Bedeutung sein. Christian Arndt und Anselm Matthes, Institut für Angewandte Wirtschaftsforschung (IAW), Tübingen, beschäftigten sich mit den Effekten von Offshore-Aktivitäten deutscher Unternehmen. In ihrer Analyse dreier verschiedener Datensätze wiesen sie darauf hin, dass der Großteil der entsprechenden Auslandsengagements deutscher Unternehmen vom Motiv der Markterschließung getrieben ist.